Bishop Varden at Lenten Retreat: St. Bernard, the Idealist

The Vatican is currently hosting Spiritual Exercises led by Bishop Erik Varden of Trondheim, Norway, for Pope Leo XIV, Cardinals residing in Rome, and heads of Dicasteries. Bishop Varden’s reflections centre on St. Bernard of Clairvaux, a pivotal figure in the twelfth-century Cistercian movement, and the theme of “Bernard, the Idealist.”

Unpacking St. Bernard’s Legacy

Bishop Varden’s address isn’t presenting a biography of St. Bernard, but rather an exploration of his character, and influence. He clarifies a common misconception: St. Bernard did not *found* the Cistercian order, though he dramatically impacted it upon joining the monastery of Cîteaux in 1113 with thirty companions. Cîteaux, established in 1098, was envisioned as a project of innovation, not simply a reaction against existing monastic practices.

A Complex Figure

The Bishop highlights the apparent paradox within St. Bernard’s approach. While seemingly conservative, the Cistercian project under his influence embraced novelty. This dynamic tension proved to be a source of strength. Bernard’s own character was similarly complex, demonstrating both a strong sense of personal conviction and a willingness to adapt when he believed the needs of the Church demanded it.

Bishop Varden emphasizes that Bernard was not a hypocrite, despite his sometimes rigid positions. He was described as humble, kind, and a loyal friend, even to former adversaries. This capacity for genuine connection and his compelling witness to faith are central to his enduring fascination.

Echoes of Merton

Bishop Varden draws a parallel between St. Bernard and Thomas Merton, the twentieth-century Trappist monk and writer. While acknowledging the vast differences in their historical contexts, he notes a shared “quicksilver nature” – a restless intellect and a capacity for internal tension. Dom James Fox, Abbot of Gethsemani, famously described Merton’s mind as “electrical,” recognising his genuineness despite their frequent disagreements.

Bishop Varden presents Bernard’s teachings on conversion as rooted in both theological depth and personal experience. He learned through struggle and self-reflection, recognising the dangers of self-righteousness and embracing God’s mercy.

What’s Next?

The Spiritual Exercises are scheduled to continue through Friday, February 27. Bishop Varden’s subsequent reflections will delve deeper into specific aspects of St. Bernard’s teachings or explore their relevance to contemporary challenges facing the Church. Analysts expect the Pope and Cardinals may consider the themes of innovation and humility presented by Bishop Varden as they navigate ongoing reforms within the Roman Curia. A possible next step could be further discussion of how to balance tradition with the need for adaptation within the Church’s structures.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who was St. Bernard of Clairvaux?

St. Bernard was a charismatic and industrious figure who significantly impacted the twelfth-century Cistercian movement, though he did not found the order itself. He joined Cîteaux in 1113 with thirty companions.

What was unique about the Cistercian project?

The Cistercian project, as described by Bishop Varden, was both conservative and innovative. The founders called their monastery novum monasterium, indicating a desire to create something new rather than simply react against existing practices.

What is the significance of comparing St. Bernard to Thomas Merton?

Bishop Varden suggests a temperamental similarity between the two figures, highlighting a shared intensity of intellect and a capacity for internal tension, despite living centuries apart.

Considering the complexities of faith and leadership, how might St. Bernard’s example of balancing conviction with humility inform our own approaches to navigating challenging situations?