Gut Bacteria & Genes: 11 Regions Linked to Health & Disease
Researchers analysing data from over 28,000 individuals have identified eleven genetic regions that significantly influence the composition and function of gut bacteria. This discovery links specific genetic variations to an increased risk of conditions including gluten intolerance, hemorrhoids and cardiovascular disease.
Unveiling the Genetic Influence on Gut Health
The gut microbiome – the community of microorganisms living in the digestive tract – is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in both health, and disease. However, pinpointing the specific genes that govern the makeup of this microbial community has remained a challenge. Until now, research had only identified a limited number of genetic variants associated with gut flora composition.
Mapping the Gut Microbiome
Two coordinated international studies represent the most comprehensive investigation to date into the relationship between genetics and the gut microbiome. Researchers analyzed genetic data and samples of gut bacteria from more than 28,000 people, mapping the hundreds of different bacterial species present in each individual’s gut.
Eleven Genetic Regions Play a Role
The analysis revealed eleven genetic regions that impact both the types of bacteria present in the gut and their functions. Several of these genes are linked to key processes in the digestive system, such as nutrient absorption and how the body recognizes bacteria.
“We have learned a lot about what genetics plays for the gut flora. Several of the genetic connections that we have found concern very concrete biological mechanisms. It could be what substances are on the surface of the intestinal cells and in that way are available to bacteria,” says Tove Fall, professor of molecular epidemiology at Uppsala University.
“It could also be how the intestine reacts to substances that bacteria produce,” she continues.
Clear Connections to Specific Diseases
Researchers also found clear correlations between certain genetic variants and several diseases – all of which have previously known links to the gut microbiome. Specifically, some genetic variations were associated with an increased risk of gluten intolerance, hemorrhoids, and cardiovascular disease.
“This suggests that changes in the gut’s bacterial composition may be a pathway to better understanding how genetic risk affects health,” says Claes Ohlsson, professor at Gothenburg University.
Building a Large Biobank for Gut Flora
Researchers have now created one of the world’s largest biobanks for gut flora.
“Since much of our health is linked to the gut flora, we naturally want our research to contribute to better ways to prevent and treat diseases by taking into account the interaction between genes, gut biology and microbiome,” says Tove Fall.
Frequently Asked Questions
What did the study find?
The study found that genetic variations in eleven areas of the human genome clearly influence the types of bacteria present in the gut and their functions.
What diseases were linked to these genetic variations?
The study identified links between certain genetic variations and an increased risk of gluten intolerance, hemorrhoids, and cardiovascular disease.
How many people were involved in the study?
The study analyzed genetic data and gut bacteria from over 28,000 people.
As research continues to unravel the complexities of the gut microbiome, what role do you envision personalized nutrition playing in optimizing gut health based on individual genetic profiles?