Intermountain Health offers 3 ways to reduce risk for cervical cancer

Cervical cancer, the fourth most common cancer affecting women globally, is overwhelmingly linked to the human papillomavirus (HPV). However, significant progress has been made in reducing diagnoses over the past 50 years, thanks to advancements in screening methods and the development of preventative vaccines.

Understanding the Threat

Nearly all cases of cervical cancer are caused by HPV, a group of over 200 viruses spread through direct physical contact. HPV can also cause five other cancers and is a common cause of genital warts, infecting cells in the mouth, throat, genitals, and anus. “Cervical cancer occurs when cells grow abnormally in the cervix,” explains Stephanie Henderson, MD, medical director for gynecology at Intermountain Health, based in the Salt Lake City area. “This process usually takes several years, allowing a large window of opportunity to detect and treat abnormal cells early.”

Did You Know? More than 13,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year.

The Role of HPV Vaccination

The HPV vaccine is a crucial tool in prevention. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends vaccination for both boys and girls between the ages of 9 and 12, as the vaccine is most effective when administered before potential HPV exposure. Over 135 million doses have been safely given in the U.S. to date. Tamara Sheffield, MD, medical director of immunization programs for Intermountain Health, emphasizes that “vaccinating our sons and daughters at the recommended ages can help keep them healthy well into adulthood, and is the best way to prevent HPV-related cancers later in life.” The vaccine remains an option for individuals up to age 45.

Expert Insight: The extended timeframe for cervical cancer development, as highlighted by Dr. Henderson, underscores the importance of proactive screening and vaccination. This slow progression provides a significant opportunity for early detection and intervention, potentially preventing the disease from advancing to more serious stages.

Screening and Early Detection

Regular screening is equally vital. Women ages 21-29 should have a Pap smear every three years. From ages 30-65, a Pap test combined with HPV testing can be performed every five years. Recent updates to screening guidelines from the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration now include an FDA-approved at-home HPV test option for women over 30. Dr. Henderson notes the potential of these home tests to “remove barriers to help more women get screened,” but stresses the importance of using FDA-approved tests and following directions carefully. Following up with a healthcare provider about test results is also crucial to determine the appropriate screening schedule.

Risk Factors to Consider

Certain factors can increase a woman’s risk of developing cervical cancer. These include smoking – which nearly doubles the risk – becoming sexually active before age 18, having multiple sexual partners, and having a weakened immune system. Historically, approximately 85% of people, both male and female, will contract HPV during their lifetime, though most will recover from the virus without significant health problems.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the survival rate for cervical cancer?

Recent research indicates that when detected early, the five-year cervical cancer survival rate is higher than 90%.

How is HPV typically spread?

HPV is most often passed from one person to another through direct physical contact and can be found in body fluids such as saliva, semen, and vaginal fluid.

What age should I begin cervical cancer screening?

Women should begin getting Pap smear screenings at age 21.

Considering the advancements in both prevention and detection, what steps will you take to prioritize your cervical health?