Measles, Rubella & Diphtheria Outbreaks Reported in South Africa – February 2026
South Africa Faces Rising Infectious Disease Concerns: Measles, Rubella and Diphtheria
South Africa is currently grappling with a concerning rise in infectious diseases, including measles, rubella, and diphtheria. Recent data from the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) reveals a complex situation requiring ongoing vigilance and public health intervention.
Measles Resurgence: A Growing Threat
Between December 29, 2025, and February 8, 2026, a total of 307 laboratory-confirmed measles cases were reported across the nation. The Western Cape province is currently the epicenter of the outbreak, accounting for 56 of these cases. KwaZulu-Natal (13), Mpumalanga (10), and the Free State (5) are also experiencing significant numbers.
A worrying trend is the increasing number of cases among individuals over 15 years of age, representing 29% of all confirmed cases. This suggests a potential immunity gap within older age groups and ongoing transmission within communities. The majority of cases, however, continue to be found in children aged 1-14 years (54.7%).
Rubella: Decreasing Nationally, but Persistent Concerns
While rubella cases have decreased nationally compared to the same period in 2025, the virus remains endemic in South Africa. 32 laboratory-confirmed rubella cases were reported between December 29, 2025, and February 8, 2026. The most affected age group remains children under 15, with 68.8% of cases falling within this demographic.
Rubella poses a particular risk to pregnant women, potentially causing severe complications for their unborn babies. Vaccination with the MR vaccine is the most effective preventative measure, and women planning pregnancy should confirm their immunity status with a healthcare provider.
Diphtheria: A Resurgent Danger, Especially in the Western Cape
Diphtheria, a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection, is also making a comeback. Between January 1, 2024, and February 15, 2026, South Africa has recorded 93 confirmed cases of respiratory diphtheria, along with 62 asymptomatic carriers. A significant 77% of these cases and carriers are concentrated in the Western Cape.
The median age of confirmed respiratory diphtheria cases is 25 years, with the majority (69%) being adults aged 18, and older. The case-fatality ratio (CFR) is alarmingly high at 20%, rising to 25% among children and adolescents under 18. Four cutaneous (skin) diphtheria cases have also been identified, three in Gauteng and one in the Western Cape.
Pro Tip: Ensure your family’s vaccinations are up-to-date. Consult with your healthcare provider about the MR vaccine for measles and rubella, and diphtheria boosters as recommended.
Future Trends and Potential Impacts
The resurgence of these vaccine-preventable diseases highlights the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage rates. Declining immunization rates, potentially due to vaccine hesitancy or disruptions in healthcare services, could lead to larger outbreaks and increased morbidity and mortality.
Continued surveillance is crucial to monitor the spread of these diseases and identify areas where targeted interventions are needed. Strengthening public health infrastructure, improving access to healthcare, and promoting community awareness are essential steps to protect the population.
Did you know? Diphtheria is spread through respiratory droplets, making good hygiene practices like covering coughs and sneezes vital in preventing its spread.
FAQ
Q: What are the symptoms of measles?
A: Measles symptoms include fever, rash, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes.
Q: Is rubella dangerous?
A: Rubella is generally mild, but it can be very dangerous for pregnant women and their unborn babies.
Q: How is diphtheria spread?
A: Diphtheria is spread through respiratory droplets, such as coughing or sneezing.
Q: What is the best way to protect myself and my family?
A: Vaccination is the most effective way to protect against measles, rubella, and diphtheria.
Stay informed about the latest developments in infectious disease outbreaks and consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Explore further: National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD)