Ultraprocessed foods have addictive qualities similar to tobacco

Researchers are drawing parallels between the addictive qualities of ultraprocessed foods and those of tobacco, suggesting a need to re-evaluate how we understand and address overconsumption.

The Engineered Appeal of Ultraprocessed Foods

A new analysis from researchers at the University of Michigan, Harvard University and Duke University argues that many ultraprocessed foods – including packaged snacks, sugary drinks, ready-to-eat meals, and fast food – are not simply poor nutritional choices. Instead, they are deliberately engineered to maximize consumption, employing tactics historically used to promote cigarette sales.

The study highlights striking similarities in how both ultraprocessed foods and tobacco products are formulated to amplify reward in the brain, encourage habitual use, and influence public perception to protect profits. According to study first author Ashley Gearhardt, a University of Michigan professor of clinical psychology, it’s possible that the feeling of being unable to stop eating certain snacks isn’t accidental.

A Shift in Perspective

For decades, public health messaging has largely focused on individual responsibility – encouraging people to make better choices and exercise self-control. However, the researchers contend that this approach is insufficient. They advocate for a shift in focus toward the broader systems that determine food availability, affordability, and marketing.

The researchers emphasize that the goal isn’t to equate eating with smoking, but to recognize that some commonly consumed foods may be designed in ways that make moderation exceptionally difficult. This is particularly relevant for young adults navigating a food landscape saturated with inexpensive, highly palatable, and readily available options.

“It’s about understanding how products are engineered—and who benefits when ‘just one more bite’ turns into a habit,” Gearhardt says.

What Could Happen Next

If this research gains traction, it could lead to increased public discourse about the role of food manufacturers in shaping consumer behavior. A possible next step could be calls for greater transparency in food formulation and marketing practices. It’s also likely to fuel debate about potential policy interventions, such as taxes on ultraprocessed foods or restrictions on advertising, similar to those implemented for tobacco.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are ultraprocessed foods?

Ultraprocessed foods include packaged snacks, sugary beverages, ready-to-eat meals, and many fast foods.

What is the main argument of this research?

The research argues that ultraprocessed foods are deliberately engineered to encourage overconsumption, using strategies similar to those once employed by the tobacco industry.

Does this mean eating is the same as smoking?

No, the researchers state that the takeaway isn’t that eating is the same as smoking, but that some common foods may be designed to make moderation unusually difficult.

As consumers become more aware of how food products are engineered, will this shift their expectations and demand greater accountability from the food industry?