Understanding ADHD: Beyond the Concentration Myth

People with ADHD do not lack the ability to concentrate, but rather struggle specifically with tasks they find boring, according to professor and psychiatrist Kooij. While mundane activities are difficult, “exciting” tasks trigger dopamine release, allowing for hyperfocus and high performance in high-stimulation environments.

Why do people with ADHD struggle with some tasks but not others?

Kooij describes the idea that people with ADHD cannot concentrate as a “misunderstanding.” The difficulty is primarily linked to “boring” tasks that require significant effort to complete.

In contrast, “exciting” tasks—such as gaming—do not present the same barrier. Kooij explains that dopamine is released when there is tension and sensation, which keeps the individual’s attention fixed.

This biological response leads to a “higher density” of people with ADHD in high-pressure professions. Kooij specifically cites ambulance workers and firefighters as examples of roles where sensation helps maintain focus.

Did You Know? The heritability of ADHD is ten times higher than average, with the risk increasing to 30% for individuals whose parents have the condition, compared to a 3% to 5% general population risk.

How can educators support students with ADHD?

Classroom environments can create problems for students with ADHD, according to Kooij. To mitigate this, the psychiatrist advises removing phones and computers from the classroom.

Kooij suggests that teachers make the curriculum “varied” to maintain engagement. This includes using “interesting things” to grab attention, such as performing a song or dance related to the lesson material.

While these methods are necessary for those with ADHD, Kooij states that such engaging teaching styles are beneficial for all students.

What is the relationship between ADHD, creativity, and autism?

Many people with ADHD are “creative,” which Kooij notes often leads them toward careers as artists, musicians, or scientists. However, this creativity does not guarantee success.

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Kooij describes the “tragedy of ADHD” as the gap between having fantastic ideas and the inability to organize them into reality. This lack of organization can lead to people feeling stuck despite their talents.

Kooij also notes that ADHD and autism frequently co-occur. Because there is no medication for autism, Kooij states that taking ADHD medication is still helpful for those who have both conditions.

Expert Insight: Samantha Carter suggests that the “tragedy” Kooij identifies highlights a critical trade-off: the same neurological wiring that fuels high-level creative output can simultaneously disable the executive function required to execute those ideas. This suggests that treatment isn’t just about focus, but about bridging the gap between ideation and completion.

How does heredity affect ADHD risk?

ADHD is characterized by very high heritability. According to Kooij, the general chance of having ADHD is between 3% and 5%.

For those who already have ADHD, the likelihood of it appearing in their children rises to 30%. This makes the condition significantly more likely to be passed down than the average trait.

Treatment may allow individuals to flourish by utilizing their specific talents, according to Kooij.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can people with ADHD focus on anything?
Yes. According to Kooij, they can “hyperfocus” when they are very interested in a task or when there is tension and sensation, which releases dopamine.

What classroom adjustments help students with ADHD?
Kooij recommends removing phones and computers, varying the subject matter, and using engaging activities like songs or dances to attract attention.

Is there medication for both ADHD and autism?
No. Kooij states that while medication exists for ADHD, it does not exist for autism, though ADHD medication can still benefit those with a combination of both.

How do you think high-stimulation environments impact professional productivity?