Why Koreans Lack Body Odor: The ABCC11 Gene Mutation

A mutation in the ABCC11 gene is the primary reason many East Asians, particularly Koreans, lack strong body odor, according to research from the University of Bristol. This genetic variation prevents the transport of lipids into sweat, leaving bacteria with fewer materials to break down into odorous scents.

Why do Koreans and East Asians have less body odor?

Between 80 and 95 percent of East Asians possess a mutation in the ABCC11 gene, which governs the production of body odor. This mutation means their bodies do not release the same acidic aroma as other populations when sweating in hot weather.

Research from the University of Bristol, cited by The Korean Times, indicates that only 0.006 percent of the Korean population has the normal form of the ABCC11 gene. Ian Day, a genetic epidemiologist at the University of Bristol, stated that the ABCC11 gene is essentially the sole determinant of whether a person produces armpit odor.

Day noted a sharp contrast with other populations, reporting that only about 2 percent of Europeans lack this “odor gene.”

Did You Know? Only 0.006 percent of the Korean population carries the normal version of the ABCC11 gene, one of the lowest rates recorded globally.

How does the ABCC11 gene mutation work?

Body odor originates in the apocrine sweat glands located in the groin and armpits. In people without the ABCC11 mutation, proteins in these glands move lipids, or fats, into the sweat, according to Oregon-based dermatologist Madalyn Nguyen.

HALCyon Work Package 7 — Prof Ian Day

Bacteria on the skin’s surface then break down these lipids, creating a distinct smell. Nguyen, speaking to NBC News, explained that for those with the mutation, the transporter protein does not function, meaning the same lipids do not enter the sweat.

Expert Insight: Samantha Carter notes that the prevalence of the ABCC11 mutation highlights how genetic diversity fundamentally alters biological functions, such as scent production, across different ethnic groups. This suggests that standard hygiene product needs are not universal but are biologically driven.

Does this mutation affect other body functions?

The ABCC11 mutation influences more than just scent. Nguyen stated that this specific genetic variation also results in earwax that is drier and less sticky.

While the exact reason for the mutation’s prevalence in East Asia remains unknown, Nguyen suggested geographic factors could be a cause. She compared this to how people in cold climates often have lighter skin, while those near the equator have more melanin for protection.

How can people manage body odor without this mutation?

Nguyen emphasized that having the mutation is not a reason to skip bathing. Apocrine glands still release substances triggered by catecholamines, which are released during times of stress.

For those seeking to reduce underarm odor, Nguyen recommended using a benzoyl peroxide-based soap. She advised leaving the soap on the skin for one to two minutes before rinsing to reduce the surface bacteria that break down lipids.

Nguyen does not recommend deodorants, as she claims they primarily add fragrance rather than addressing the cause. Instead, she suggested applying antiperspirant to dry skin at night to allow it to absorb into the sweat glands.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the role of the ABCC11 gene in body odor?
The ABCC11 gene determines whether a person produces armpit odor by controlling the transport of lipids into the sweat of apocrine glands.

Does the ABCC11 mutation affect earwax?
Yes, according to dermatologist Madalyn Nguyen, the mutation causes earwax to be drier and less sticky.

Why is antiperspirant recommended for nighttime use?
Applying antiperspirant to dry armpits at night allows the product to better absorb into the sweat glands.

Do you think genetic differences should change how we approach daily hygiene products?