Liver Health: Tests, AI & Fatty Liver Disease (Foie Gras)

Access to personal health data is increasing, with many individuals now able to view lab results online before discussing them with their physicians. This trend is coinciding with a growing reliance on online searches for medical information, raising questions about the validity of information found through search engines – particularly when it comes to interpreting complex medical tests.

The Rise of “Dr. Internet”

According to Pr Peter Starkel, a hepatologist at the Saint-Luc university clinics, patients are frequently consulting online resources before their appointments. He notes that while many patients don’t explicitly mention their online research, they often express concerns based on their self-diagnosis. “They often say, ‘I’m worried because I think the result is abnormal,’” Pr Starkel concedes.

Did You Know? Tests for liver enzymes AST and ALT are often performed, but reimbursement policies dictate that only one of these tests can be covered at a time.

AI and Liver Function Tests

The accuracy of information provided by artificial intelligence when searching for liver test values was also examined. Pr Starkel states that while AI responses are “globally correct,” they become less reliable when considering specific details. He explains that upper limits provided by AI may be higher than they should be, and that the AI adjusts its interpretations based on factors like age and sex, as well as “a whole series of circumstances.” The AI itself cautions against taking the information at face value, emphasizing the importance of contextual interpretation.

Shifting Landscape of Liver Disease

The most common liver disease in Belgium has undergone a significant shift in recent decades. Twenty years ago, hepatitis C and B viruses were the primary causes of liver illness. Today, Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) – formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – is now the leading cause. This condition is particularly prevalent among individuals with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, accounting for 80 to 90% of consultations for elevated gamma GT levels.

Expert Insight: The changing prevalence of liver diseases highlights the growing impact of lifestyle factors on liver health. While treatments for hepatitis C and B have improved significantly, the rise of MASLD suggests a need for increased focus on preventative measures related to diet and exercise.

Fortunately, new treatments are available that can cure 95 to 99% of patients with hepatitis C. For hepatitis B, medications effectively block the virus, according to Pr Starkel.

Understanding Liver Function Tests

Blood tests assessing liver function include measurements of the enzymes AST and ALT, as well as bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and Gamma GT. AST and ALT are used to screen for hepatitis of viral, autoimmune, or toxic origin. Gamma GT and bilirubin levels are indicators of cholestasis, a condition affecting the bile ducts.

The severity of liver disease isn’t necessarily tied to a specific illness, but rather to the degree of liver dysfunction or scarring, Pr Starkel explains. Some individuals with fatty liver disease may live for years with elevated Gamma-GT levels without experiencing severe liver problems, provided they don’t alter their lifestyle.

Additional Health Concerns

Recent reports have also highlighted the risks associated with certain medical procedures and substance use. Bariatric surgery, used to treat obesity, has been linked to an increased risk of alcoholism and fatty liver disease. Additionally, liver damage has been reported in cases of paracetamol overdose, underscoring the importance of using medications responsibly.

Frequently Asked Questions

What do AST and ALT tests measure?

AST and ALT tests measure liver enzymes and are used to screen for hepatitis of viral, autoimmune, or toxic origin.

What is MASLD?

MASLD, or Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, is the new term for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and is currently the leading cause of liver disease in Belgium.

Can a fatty liver be managed without medical intervention?

Some individuals with fatty liver disease can live for years with elevated Gamma-GT levels without severe liver problems, provided they do not change their lifestyle.

As access to health information continues to expand, how will the relationship between patients and their physicians evolve, and what role will technology play in ensuring accurate and informed healthcare decisions?