Mixed messages surround US-Iran deal as Lebanon emerges as stumbling block

US President Donald Trump and Iranian parliamentary speaker Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf have signed a memorandum of understanding to end the Middle East war, according to a US official. The agreement establishes a 60-day framework for nuclear negotiations and the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, though Israeli officials and Iranian state media dispute specific terms regarding tolls and territorial withdrawals.

What are the terms of the Trump-Iran ceasefire?

The agreement, signed electronically by President Trump and Vice-President JD Vance, serves as a framework rather than a comprehensive peace treaty. According to a US official, the deal focuses on ongoing negotiations regarding Iran’s nuclear program over the next 60 days.

One primary objective is the lifting of wartime measures. A US official told the ABC and other Washington media that the deal aims to end the “chokehold” on the Strait of Hormuz. While a White House official initially stated full details would be public within 48 hours, President Trump later told reporters in France that specifics would be released after an official ceremony this Friday.

Why is the Strait of Hormuz a point of contention?

Discrepancies have emerged between US claims and Iranian reports regarding shipping costs. President Trump insisted the strait would be permanently reopened with “no tolls” charged to shipping companies. However, Iranian state media has published reports questioning this insistence.

According to Iranian state media, a 14-point plan suggests Iran may charge ships to transit through the channel after the initial ceasefire period expires. Meanwhile, French President Emmanuel Macron stated that France and Britain are prepared to lead a mission to de-mine the strait to facilitate safe passage.

How does the deal affect the conflict in Lebanon?

Lebanon remains a primary stumbling block. While the agreement aims to ease regional tensions, it is unclear if it mandates an Israeli withdrawal from Lebanese territory. A US official told the ABC that withdrawal was not a condition of the 60-day ceasefire.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated from Jerusalem that Israel will remain in “security zones” in Lebanon as long as necessary to protect the country. This follows an Israeli invasion in March and ongoing strikes against Hezbollah. On Monday, Lebanese authorities reported an Israeli drone attack near Kfar Tebnit killed at least one person, while Hezbollah claimed it fired rockets at Israeli forces.

Lebanese President Joseph Aoun welcomed the deal, stating he hopes it establishes a phase of “stability, security, recovery, and reconstruction.”

Why is the Israeli government divided over the agreement?

The deal has sparked internal conflict within the Israeli government. Far-right National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir told reporters in Jerusalem that Israel is not bound by the agreement, stating, “We love President Trump, but we do not accept the agreement he signed.”

Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich echoed this sentiment in a social media post, describing the agreement as a win for Iran. Opponents of the government, including politician Yair Golan, claimed the deal was made “over Israel’s head” and cited it as evidence of Netanyahu’s weakness.

What is the international response at the G7 summit?

The agreement is the central topic of the G7 summit in Évian-les-Bains, France. Despite the ceasefire, President Trump faces criticism from leaders including UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer and Germany’s Friedrich Merz over his handling of the war.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen noted that peace in the Middle East is impossible while “Lebanon is in flames.” The summit is under heavy security, with 15,000 police and soldiers controlling access to the venue on the shores of Lake Geneva.

Comparison of Key Perspectives on the Deal

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