Penile Cancer: Prevention, Symptoms & Early Detection

A rare cancer with potentially devastating consequences is affecting men in Brazil. Between 2021 and 2025, over 2,900 men underwent penile amputation due to penile cancer and the disease contributed to over 2,300 deaths, according to data from the Ministry of Health.

A Preventable Condition

Penile cancer is considered a rare tumor, but experts emphasize it is largely preventable. Simple measures like proper hygiene, HPV vaccination, and, in some cases, circumcision (postectomy) can significantly reduce risk.

Did You Know? The incidence of penile cancer peaks between the ages of 50 and 70, though men of all ages should be vigilant.

According to Ariê Carneiro, an oncologist at the Einstein hospital, “Penile cancer is a completely preventable tumor, very linked to hygiene conditions. It is necessary to teach boys from an early age how to wash and follow good hygiene in adulthood.”

Understanding Prevention

The Brazilian Society of Urology (SBU) highlights the importance of correct hygiene. The prepuce, or foreskin, can accumulate urine, which is acidic and can lead to fibrosis and inflammation. Experts recommend four key preventative actions:

🧼 Thoroughly clean the penis with water and soap, retracting the foreskin to clean the glans. This should be done daily and after sexual intercourse.
💉 Receive the HPV vaccine, which is available to certain populations through the SUS (Brazil’s public health system) and privately to anyone.
🏥 Consider postectomy (foreskin removal) when the foreskin prevents proper hygiene.
⚕️ Use condoms to prevent contamination with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as HPV.

recognising the Warning Signs

Early detection is crucial. Doctors explain that a prompt diagnosis often allows for treatment without the need for complete amputation, as the tumor can be removed while preserving the penis.

Men should be aware of the following symptoms:

feridas que não cicatrizam (sores that do not heal);
verrugas ou caroços persistentes (persistent warts or lumps);
secreção com odor forte sob o prepúcio (foul-smelling discharge under the foreskin);
áreas endurecidas ou avermelhadas (hardened or reddened areas);
sangramentos na glande (bleeding of the glans);
coceira persistente (persistent itching).

Expert Insight: The emphasis on self-examination – regularly inspecting the penis for any changes – underscores the proactive role individuals can play in safeguarding their health. Early detection, as highlighted by medical professionals, dramatically improves treatment outcomes and reduces the likelihood of severe interventions.

Experts encourage men to adopt a routine of self-examination, regularly inspecting the penis for any abnormalities and seeking medical attention at the first sign of concern.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is postectomy?

Postectomy is the surgical removal of the foreskin. It is recommended when the foreskin prevents proper hygiene.

Is HPV vaccination important for preventing penile cancer?

Yes, vaccination against HPV is listed as one of the preventative measures against penile cancer.

What should I do if I notice a sore on my penis that doesn’t heal?

You should seek medical attention immediately. Sores that do not heal are listed as one of the key warning signs of penile cancer.

Considering the preventable nature of this disease, what steps can public health initiatives take to increase awareness and access to preventative care?

Penile Cancer: Prevention, Symptoms & Early Detection | G1