Reuzenschildpadden keren terug naar Galapagoseiland Floreana

After a century and a half of absence, giant tortoises are once again roaming Floreana Island, part of Ecuador’s famed Galápagos archipelago. The Ecuadorian government has begun a phased reintroduction, releasing 158 tortoises – aged between 8 and 13 years old – onto the island, with plans to eventually release around 700 individuals.

A History of Decline and Recovery

Floreana once supported an estimated population of 20,000 giant tortoises. However, human activity in the 19th and early 20th centuries led to their local extinction. Rats brought by whaling and pirate ships preyed on the tortoises, while the animals themselves were hunted for food. A devastating fire, started by a crew member from a whaling vessel in 1820, further decimated the population.

Did You Know? The reintroduction effort is part of a larger, multi-million dollar investment by the Ecuadorian government to restore Floreana Island’s biodiversity.

The tortoises released are genetically similar to the now-extinct Floreana tortoises, selected from a breeding programme specifically for this reintroduction. They are considered large enough to defend themselves against predators like rats and cats.

Broader Ecological Restoration

The tortoise reintroduction is not an isolated event. Ecuador is investing over 3 million euros to reintroduce twelve species that have disappeared from Floreana, including the red tiran, the Galapagos hawk, and various finch species. Floreana Island holds particular significance as the location that inspired Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution during his 1835 visit.

Expert Insight: The reintroduction of keystone species like the giant tortoise demonstrates a proactive approach to ecological restoration. Successfully re-establishing these animals could have cascading positive effects on the island’s ecosystem, potentially benefiting other species and restoring the island’s natural balance.

Floreana Island is currently home to roughly 200 people, as well as diverse wildlife including flamingos, iguanas, penguins, and hawks. The reintroduced tortoises will now join this existing ecosystem.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long ago did the giant tortoises disappear from Floreana Island?

The giant tortoises disappeared from Floreana Island approximately 150 years ago, though some sources indicate nearly 200 years.

What caused the tortoises to become extinct on Floreana?

The tortoises became extinct due to a combination of factors, including predation by rats brought by whaling and pirate ships, hunting by humans, and a devastating fire in 1820.

What other species are being reintroduced to Floreana Island?

Other species being reintroduced include the red tiran, the Galapagos hawk, and various finch species.

Will these reintroduction efforts be enough to fully restore Floreana Island’s ecosystem remains to be seen, but the initial steps suggest a commitment to reversing the damage of the past and preserving this unique environment for the future.