Colorectal cancer is increasing among young people. Experts explain how to decrease risk

An increasing number of people are dying of colorectal cancer at a young age, with some diagnoses occurring as early as age 20. The death of actor James Van Der Beek, who was diagnosed with the disease in 2023 and passed away on February 11, 2026, at age 48, has brought renewed attention to this concerning trend.

Rising Rates of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer

Researchers have identified several factors associated with increasing rates of colorectal cancer in young people, but a single definitive cause remains elusive. Lifestyle factors, including diets high in ultra-processed foods and alcohol consumption, as well as a lack of exercise, have been linked to early-onset cases. However, these connections are currently considered correlations, not proven causes.

Did You Know? Screening for colorectal cancer is recommended to begin at age 45 and continue until age 75 for individuals with average risk.

Much research is now focused on the gut microbiome – the ecosystem of microorganisms in the gut that aids digestion and other bodily functions. An imbalance in these microbes, known as dysbiosis, can disrupt gut health and potentially increase cancer risk.

Risk Factors and Symptoms

Beyond genetic predisposition, several lifestyle factors can elevate the risk of developing colorectal cancer. A diet rich in red meat and processed foods, coupled with insufficient dietary fiber, is a contributing factor. Even moderate alcohol consumption – less than one drink daily – can increase cancer risk. Smoking, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle also contribute to increased risk.

Common early symptoms of colorectal cancer include blood in the stool, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits. Unexplained anemia, or low red blood cell levels, can also be a sign. These symptoms warrant a discussion with a physician, and a colonoscopy may be recommended for further evaluation.

Survival Rates and Screening

The debate continues among researchers regarding differences in survival rates between young patients and those diagnosed after age 50. Early detection significantly improves outcomes, with five-year survival rates ranging from 80% to 90%. However, when cancer is detected at an advanced stage, survival rates fall to 10% to 15%. One study indicated that young patients with metastatic colon cancer may have a slightly lower survival rate compared to older patients.

Expert Insight: Understanding your individual risk category – based on age, family history, and symptoms – is crucial for guiding screening, prevention, and lifestyle changes to reduce your likelihood of developing colorectal cancer.

Colon cancer screening involves a conversation with your healthcare team to determine the most appropriate test. Screening options include stool tests and imaging scans. For individuals with a high risk – due to family history, hereditary factors, or inflammatory bowel disease – colonoscopy is the recommended screening method, potentially starting at an earlier age and occurring more frequently.

Reducing Your Risk

Taking charge of your health is paramount. Lifestyle modifications, such as regular physical activity, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber, and maintaining a healthy weight, can help reduce your risk. Moderating or eliminating alcohol and tobacco use is also beneficial. Sharing your personal and family history of polyps or colorectal cancer with your doctor can ensure you receive the appropriate screening at the right time.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the most common symptoms of early-onset colorectal cancer?

The most common signs and symptoms are blood in the stool, abdominal pain, and a change in bowel habits, or any combination of these conditions. Unexplained anemia is another potential symptom.

At what age is colorectal cancer screening typically recommended?

For people with an average risk, screening is recommended to begin at age 45 and continue at regular intervals until age 75.

Can lifestyle changes really reduce my risk of colorectal cancer?

Yes, You’ll see lifestyle factors you can control, including regular physical activity, a diet high in fruit, vegetables and fiber, and low in processed meats, and maintaining a healthy weight. Moderating or eliminating alcohol and tobacco use can also reduce your colorectal cancer risk.

Considering the rising rates of colorectal cancer in younger adults, what steps can individuals take to proactively discuss their risk with healthcare professionals?