Measles Cases Surge in Canada: PAHO Issues New Alert

Canada’s Measles Resurgence: A Public Health Crisis Deepens

A new epidemiological alert issued today, February 4, 2026, by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) underscores a growing concern: measles is making a significant comeback and Canada is at the forefront of this troubling trend. The alert calls on countries to strengthen surveillance, vaccination efforts, and outbreak response strategies to protect vulnerable populations.

Loss of Elimination Status and Rising Case Numbers

Canada lost its measles elimination status in November 2025, following more than 12 months of continuous measles transmission across the country. This marks a significant setback for public health officials who had previously maintained measles-free status for several years. Between 2020 and 2023, Canada recorded only 16 cases nationwide. However, numbers surged to over 100 in 2024 and a staggering 5,436 cases in 2025, with two fatalities reported.

Where are the Cases Concentrated?

While cases have been reported in nine provinces and one territory, Manitoba currently has the highest number of cases. Ontario and Alberta have also reported a significant proportion of the 5,000+ cases recorded in 2025. PAHO reports that 98 per cent of measles exposures occurred within Canada, indicating limited importation from other regions.

Who is Most Affected?

Analysis of the cases reveals a concerning pattern. 45 per cent of those infected in 2025 were between the ages of five and 17. Another 29 per cent were 18 years or older, and 20 per cent were children aged one to four. This distribution highlights the vulnerability of both school-aged children and young adults.

Vaccination Rates and the Root of the Problem

A critical factor driving the resurgence is declining vaccination rates. According to PAHO’s report, a substantial 89 per cent of individuals infected with measles in 2025 were unvaccinated. A further three per cent had received only one dose of a measles-containing vaccine, and four per cent had received two or more doses, while the vaccination status of another four per cent remains unknown. This data underscores the importance of achieving and maintaining high vaccination coverage to protect communities.

The Americas Region on Alert

The situation in Canada is not isolated. PAHO’s alert reflects a broader increase in measles cases throughout the Americas region in 2025 and early 2026. The organization warns that this surge is a “warning sign” requiring immediate and coordinated action from member states.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is measles? Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can lead to serious complications, including pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death.

How can I protect myself and my family? The most effective way to protect against measles is through vaccination with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.

What should I do if I suspect I have measles? If you develop symptoms of measles, such as fever, cough, runny nose, and rash, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Is the measles vaccine safe? The MMR vaccine is safe and effective. Serious side effects are rare.

Where can I find more information about measles? Visit the Public Health Agency of Canada website at https://health-infobase.canada.ca/measles-rubella/ or the PAHO website at https://www.paho.org/en/topics/measles.

More to come.