US & Russia Near New START Nuclear Arms Treaty Extension Deal

Nuclear Arms Control at a Crossroads: US and Russia Explore New START Extension

The fate of the New START treaty, the last remaining nuclear arms control agreement between the United States and Russia, hangs in the balance. As of today, February 5, 2026, both nations are reportedly nearing a potential agreement to continue observing the treaty’s provisions even after its official expiration. This comes amidst intensive negotiations held in Abu Dhabi.

The End of an Era in Nuclear Treaties

Signed in 2010, New START limited the number of strategic nuclear warheads, land- and submarine-based missiles, and launchers each country could possess. It represented the latest in a series of arms control agreements dating back to the Cold War. The treaty’s expiration marks a significant shift, potentially ushering in a new era of unrestricted nuclear development.

Current Negotiations and Potential Outcomes

Reports indicate that the US and Russia are working towards a deal to adhere to New START’s terms for an additional period, potentially around six months, even without a formal extension. However, as of 24 hours prior to the treaty’s expiration, a final agreement hadn’t been reached. The agreement could take the form of a formal document or a temporary political decision.

Alongside these negotiations, the US and Russia have agreed to resume high-level military dialogue in Abu Dhabi, signaling a willingness to maintain communication channels despite broader geopolitical tensions. These discussions are occurring concurrently with ongoing peace talks between Ukraine and Russia, supported by the US.

Russia’s Position and the End of Limitations

Russia has stated We see prepared for a world without nuclear arms control limitations following the treaty’s end. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov affirmed Russia’s openness to dialogue with the US, contingent on a constructive response to Russian proposals. The expiration of New START means Russia is no longer bound by the treaty’s restrictions on deploying nuclear warheads.

The Role of China and Future Arms Control

The US, under President Donald Trump, has expressed interest in involving China in a trilateral arms control agreement. However, Beijing has so far declined, citing the significant disparity in nuclear arsenals – China possesses approximately 600 warheads compared to roughly 4,000 each for Russia and the US.

The White House has indicated that President Trump will outline the future direction of US nuclear arms control policy, but details remain forthcoming.

Global Reactions to the Treaty’s Expiration

China has expressed regret over the end of the New START treaty. The United Nations Secretary-General has described the situation as entering a “dark time” for international peace and security.

FAQ

What is New START? New START is a treaty between the US and Russia limiting strategic nuclear weapons.

When did New START expire? New START officially expired on Wednesday, February 4, 2026, with the final day being February 5, 2026.

What happens now that New START has expired? Russia has stated it is no longer bound by the treaty’s limitations, and the US and Russia are negotiating a potential interim agreement to continue observing the treaty’s terms.

Is China involved in these negotiations? The US has sought China’s participation in arms control talks, but China has declined.

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