What to know about plague in prairie dogs after suspected die-off near Billings
A decline in prairie dog populations on state land near the Indian Cliffs subdivision in Billings is suspected to be caused by sylvatic plague, according to Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks (FWP). While the agency has not yet confirmed the diagnosis through testing, officials state that such die-offs are a known, recurring, and natural part of the prairie dog life cycle.
Sylvatic plague is the same disease historically associated with the Black Death. Despite this, FWP officials note that prairie dog colonies often recover and repopulate areas naturally after an outbreak passes.
Why the population decline matters
The reduction in prairie dogs was first noted by local hikers, including Larissa McPheeters, who reported a lack of the animals’ characteristic chipping sounds in the area. Chrissy Webb, FWP Communication and Education Manager for Region 5, explains that the disease is transmitted primarily by fleas. Once these insects enter a colony, the plague can spread rapidly among the animals.
While the sudden disappearance of a local colony can be unsettling for residents, wildlife experts view this as a cyclical biological event rather than an ecological catastrophe. The primary risk to humans is minimal, provided that the public maintains a safe distance from wildlife and carcasses, which serves as a necessary buffer against flea-borne transmission.
What could happen next
FWP officials indicate that the affected colonies may eventually recover and repopulate the area over time. In the short term, the agency continues to monitor the site, as well as a field near Skyview High School that has been under observation in previous years.
For the public, the situation is not considered a cause for widespread alarm. However, FWP recommends that hikers and pet owners maintain basic safety precautions. These include avoiding contact with live or dead animals, wearing long sleeves and pants, and utilizing insect repellent. Dog owners are advised to keep pets away from prairie dog colonies and carcasses to prevent potential exposure to infected fleas.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the plague a threat to the general public?
According to FWP, the risk to the general public remains low. Fleas typically stay close to their host, meaning individuals would need to be in close proximity to a prairie dog to be at risk of infection.
How can I protect my pet?
Pet owners should keep vaccinations up to date and ensure their dogs stay away from prairie dogs and carcasses. Canines are generally less susceptible to the disease than felines, but avoiding contact with wildlife remains the best preventative measure.
What should I do if I see unusual wildlife activity?
FWP encourages the public to report any unusual activity to the agency. Residents should avoid handling wildlife and take standard precautions, such as using protective equipment if they are trappers.
How do you adjust your outdoor habits when you notice changes in local wildlife activity?